International Financial Reporting Standards Essay

Organizations around the world are continuously recording data and reporting financial information to the used for many purposes by the respective users. A tremendous amount of financial transactions continuously stir in the organizations, some transactions occur each second or minute whereas some transactions are very unique and take place occasionally as a result of a specific event. That is why to bring things in conformity and consistency, it is important that organizations establish standards and procedures for recording their data. In doing so present results will be in a position to be compared with historical data and with entities in similar industry. Listed companies have to particularly follow standard formats and disclose their financial information in such a way that it is easily understood by the users of the financial statements. This is because consistency flows through not just one organization but the entire industry making outcomes easier to contrast. These objectives are being addressed by standard setting boards such as IAASB by setting International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting standards (IFRS). Both IFRS and IAS are equal in terms of their value and standing. (Tatum Malcum) All transactions need to be recorded as suggested above. One of the aspects that are a part of recording is financial instruments; created by a legal document and having different monetary values. They can be classified as cash or derivative instruments. Cash type of financial instruments is widely used and can be most easily understood. Currency in itself is a cash instrument or a bank cheque is a good example which can be used to transfer money from one bank account to another. However derivative instruments include those tools such as futures; an instrument saying that the seller will sell the asset or buyer will buy it at a future date. Price of such transactions is determined at the time of entering into a future contract. There are other instruments as well such as options and swaps whereas sometimes stocks, bonds and currency forwards are also termed as financial instruments. (Tatum Malcum) Due to the wide range of financial instruments being used, IAS 39 was introduced by International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) in 2001 to regulate the process of recognition and measurement of such transactions. The organizations dealing with them were facing problems with respect to treatment as different approaches were being applied by entities. This led to inconsistency of disclosing and recording of appropriate amounts within the industry as they were no standard process for recording the financial instruments. This directed the results of entities within the same industry to be incomparable with one another. Many of transactions involving financial instruments remained unrecognized as no proper recognition and measurement processes were known to the accountants. Hence CFO and CEO were in a position to distort the actual results and lead shareholders astray. (Miolo Alessandro, Andersen Arthur) In response to that IAS 39 introduced a concept of fair value accounting. The standard increased the importance of the fair value accounting for the financial instruments and therefore required entities to record assets and liabilities on the face of the balance sheet and discloses the nature of derivatives in the financial statements. In case of hybrids, the structure had to be broken down into two components (Miolo Alessandro, Andersen Arthur). This is because hybrid instruments have a mixture of characteristics of both debt and equity thereby market price of the hybrid instrument is sensitive to both the interest rates and quoted price for the stock (Riskglossory. com). The two components of the hybrid contract are real contracts however derivative is separated from the contract to be measured at fair value. (Miolo Alessandro, Andersen Arthur) IAS 39 also introduced hedge accounting for all derivatives in order to minimize the volatile affects on the income statement. Further segregation in the standard came into place as the â€Å"intention† of hedging was used to establish which accounting rules will be applied. As a result a fair value hedge, net investment hedge in foreign currency and cash flow hedge accounting rules was launched. In fair value hedging the risks are connected to the fluctuation of fair value of an underlying asset or liability. Whereas cash flow hedges are those in which the exposure is connected to the future cash flows of assets or liabilities recognized or any future commitment or forecasted cash flow of the organization. Moreover, the net investment hedge in foreign currency is hedging the risks of an entity’s net asset which is not an associate, joint venture or a subsidiary. (Miolo Alessandro, Andersen Arthur) Implication of this IAS affected all the users of financial statements and also the people who were trying to comply with the standard. The development of this standard and its implementation had significant impact on the strategies in dealing with financial risks. As the financial instruments have volatile affects on the equity portfolio and income statements these affects were then being countered by engaging in hedging strategies and transparent accounting policies. (Miolo Alessandro, Andersen Arthur) IAS 39 also provides organizations with the recognition criteria on how to record hedging instruments when entering into a transaction. After that at each period end gain and loss is recognized on an ongoing basis. So it has a forward looking stance at initiation but a backward bearing when re-assessment of investment’s effectiveness is carried out. The organizations needed to asses which process of reassessment would be right for their investment portfolio. A proper system was therefore required to record and reassess not only cash flows and fair values but also take into account the premiums and discounts involved. Moreover, IAS required the disclosure of all the investments and subsequent gains or loss arising due to it. (Miolo Alessandro, Andersen Arthur) The first revision of the IAS 39 took place in 2004 which incorporated Macro hedging, involving interest rates risks hedge. This amendment was made due to the increase use of these instruments and such investments were not addressed by IAS 39. Macro hedge is an investment technique to reduce or minimize the risks associated with the whole portfolio of investments (Peter Williams). This investments technique was widely spread because of the ease of information available about the interest rate and currency fluctuations between different countries. The macro managers earned by hedging the risks in different market by buying long and short in different markets of the globe. That increasing trend required the correct measurement and recognition of such investment which could only be linked with financial instruments dealt in IAS 39. (Hubpages, Inc. ) Further amendment took place on the issue of initial recognition of financial asset or liabilities and the subsequent charging of gain or loss. Initially all of such instruments were allowed to be measured on fair value if measured reliably. In 2005 the option to value instruments at fair value had been restricted to only those investments which had significantly reduced due to accounting mismatch along with those financial instruments whose fair values were regularly managed evaluated for its correctness. In addition IAS 39 stated before October 2008 that once an instrument is classified on the basis of fair value i. e through profit and loss category, it cannot be reclassified. Amendment in 2008 allowed some of the instruments to be reclassified from fair value and available for sale category under certain conditions and a disclosure is required in case of such a reclassification. Moreover it was stated that all the derivatives need to be reassessed in case of any reclassification; an issue that was developed due to the global credit crunch, significantly affecting the financial market. (Delloitte Touche Tohmatsu) With all the problems and issues dealing with financial instruments IASB and FASB started working together on IFRS 9 to replace IAS 39. Its purpose is to reduce difficulty in accounting for financial instruments and hedging activities. This development took place in phases. Phase one tends to improve and simplify the measurement and classification of the financial instruments. Though this phase has been completed but the exposure draft has been under plan to be issued and the implementation is to be completed in the current year. (International Accounting standard board) This new standard has raising concerns in the world in corporate sectors on how this will be implemented and how it will affect their operations. Many are happy for the change to take place as the IAS 39 is thought to be a difficult standard to implement. The replacement is a result of the world’s economic crises after which all the investors and the regulators of financial institutions were demanding for an accounting system which showed the types of assets and liabilities held at a given time, the risks that they are exposed to and gain and losses expect to be realized. (IFRS 9 – Deconstructing IAS 39) In 2008 when Lehman Brothers share price collapsed, the investors in turn rushed to purchase the share prices in anticipation of prices bouncing back. However they couldn’t see the situation of the bank’s exposure in financial instruments related to subprime loans as less information was disclosed for their understanding. Hence it was later suggested that accounting needs to be clearer which became evident upon the fall of many banks. IFRS 9 strived to cater and answer all these major issues in hand while giving organizations an option to adopt this standard before it becomes mandatory in 2013. Only the first phase of the standard is completed and all the stakeholders are waiting to implement it upon finalization of IFRS 9 completion. IFRS 9 – Deconstructing IAS 39) IFRS 9 looks to tackle all the current problems and questions probed by various investors but it cannot give a guarantee to prevent any crises in future. It is important that accountants, regulator and the investors remain vigilant because no matter how much IFRS 9 helps to simplify the accounting of financial reporting, when this economy starts its recovery phase no one can stop the development of new financial instruments eluding the situation like before. European Union refused to adopt IFRS 9 last year posing some questions relating to fair value of investments coverage. On the other hand Japan signed it for an early adoption in March 2010 which is a significant step toward promoting transparency in policies and implementation (IFRS 9 – Deconstructing IAS 39). Hence it can be clearly seen that IASB and FASB have been working for the betterment of the society by incorporating the external changes in the market which can be reflected upon the replacement of IAS 39 with IFRS 9.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 24

Elena hung up her cel phone as they puled up to the boardinghouse in Stefan's car. â€Å"The nurse at the hospital says Caleb's stil unconscious,† she said. â€Å"Good,† said Stefan. She gave him a reproving glance and he stared back at her in exasperation. â€Å"If he's unconscious,† he explained, â€Å"it'l give us more of a chance to figure out what spel he's cast on us.† They'd fil ed three fat black trash bags with the papers, clippings, and books they'd found in the Smal woods' garden shed. Elena had been afraid to disturb the pentagram with the roses and photographs around it on the shed floor, in case that would affect the spel somehow, but she'd taken a couple of pictures of it with her cel phone. Matt came out and picked up one of the bags. â€Å"Bringing over some garbage?† â€Å"Something like that,† Elena said grimly, and fil ed him in on what they'd discovered at the Smal wood house. Matt grimaced. â€Å"Wow. But maybe now we can final y do something about what's been happening.† â€Å"How come you're here so early?† Elena asked, fol owing him toward the house. â€Å"I thought you weren't coming onto guard duty until ten.† Stefan trailed along behind her. â€Å"I spent the night,† Matt told her. â€Å"After Bonnie's name appeared, I didn't want to let her out of my sight.† â€Å"Bonnie's name appeared?† Elena whirled accusingly on Stefan. â€Å"Why didn't you tel me?† Stefan shrugged uncomfortably. â€Å"I didn't know,† he confessed hesitantly. â€Å"Stefan, I told you to protect Meredith and Celia,† she snapped. â€Å"You were supposed to be here. Even before Bonnie's name showed up, it was Meredith and Celia who were in danger. I was relying on you to watch over them.† Stefan glared back at her. â€Å"I'm not your lapdog, Elena,† he said quietly. â€Å"I saw a mysterious threat that I thought bore investigation. I acted to protect you. And I was right. The danger was more immediate to you than the others. And now we have a chance to piece together the spel .† Elena blinked at his tone but couldn't deny the truth in his words. â€Å"I'm sorry,† she said contritely. â€Å"You're right. I'm glad we discovered Caleb's shed.† Matt opened the front door. They dumped the bags in the hal and went through to the kitchen, where Mrs. Flowers, Alaric, and Meredith were enjoying a breakfast of croissants, jam, fruit, and sausages. â€Å"Celia's gone,† Meredith said to Elena as soon as they entered the room. Her tone was casual y informative, but her usual y cool gray eyes were twinkling, and Elena shared a secret smile with her friend. â€Å"Where'd she go?† Elena asked, equal y casual y, reaching for a croissant. It had been a long morning, and she was starving. â€Å"University of Virginia,† Alaric answered. â€Å"She's hoping to get some leads by doing research on curses and folk magic.† â€Å"We might have some more information now,† Elena announced around a mouthful of deliciously buttery croissant. She explained what they had found in the shed. â€Å"We brought al the papers and Caleb's notebooks with us. And here's what he'd laid out on the floor.† She pul ed out her phone, loaded the picture, and handed it to Mrs. Flowers. â€Å"My goodness,† said the old woman. â€Å"This certainly looks like dark magic. I wonder what that child thought he was doing.† Stefan snorted. â€Å"He's no child, Mrs. Flowers. I strongly suspect he's a werewolf as wel as a dark magician.† Mrs. Flowers looked at him sternly. â€Å"He's found the wrong way of going about looking for his cousin, that's for certain. But this magic looks rather amateurish to me. If it has worked, it wil have been more by accident than design.† â€Å"If it's worked?† Meredith asked. â€Å"I think the evidence suggests that whatever he's done worked.† â€Å"Surely it would be too much of a coincidence for Caleb to be trying to cast spel s on us and for an unexplained curse to be affecting us as wel ,† Alaric noted. â€Å"Where's Caleb now?† Matt asked, frowning. â€Å"Does he know you found al this? Do we need to track him down and keep an eye on him?† Stefan crossed his arms. â€Å"He's in the hospital.† There was a little pause as the others looked at one another and decided, based on Stefan's stony demeanor, not to delve deeper. Meredith glanced questioningly at Elena, and Elena nodded slightly to say, I'll explain later. She turned to Mrs. Flowers. â€Å"Can you tel what spel Caleb was using? What was he trying to do?† Mrs. Flowers stared thoughtful y at the picture. â€Å"It's an interesting question,† she said. â€Å"Roses are typical y used in love spel s, but the pentagram and multiple pictures around it suggest a darker intent here. The roses' unusual crimson color would probably make them more effective. They might be used to evoke other passions as wel . My best guess would be that Caleb was trying to control your emotions in some way.† Elena cast a sudden glance at Stefan, taking in his guarded expression and tense shoulders. â€Å"But that's as much as I can tel you for now,† Mrs. Flowers continued. â€Å"If the rest of you want to look through Caleb's notebooks for clues, Bonnie and I can research the magical properties of roses and what spel s they could be used in.† â€Å"Where is Bonnie?† Elena asked. Although she'd had the sense that something was missing, she'd only just consciously realized that the petite redhead wasn't among the group in the kitchen. â€Å"Stil sleeping,† Meredith said. â€Å"You know how she loves to sleep in.† She grinned. â€Å"Bonnie was definitely enjoying being the damsel in peril and having everybody fussing over her last night.† â€Å"I thought she was being real y brave,† Matt said unexpectedly. Elena eyed him. Was he beginning to feel something romantic for Bonnie? They'd be good together, she thought, and was surprised to feel a tiny twinge of possessive anger mixed in with her speculative matchmaking. Matt has always been yours, after all, a hard voice whispered to her. â€Å"I'l go up and wake her,† Meredith said cheerful y. â€Å"No rest for the witches.† She swung to her feet and headed for the stairs, limping only slightly. â€Å"How's your ankle?† Elena asked. â€Å"You look a lot better.† â€Å"I heal fast,† Meredith said. â€Å"I guess it's part of the vampire-hunter thing. I didn't need the cane by the time I went to bed last night, and this morning it feels almost back to normal.† â€Å"Lucky you,† said Elena. â€Å"Lucky me,† Meredith agreed, grinning at Alaric, who smiled back admiringly. Showing off, she ran lightly up the stairs, leaning only a little on the banister for support. Elena took another croissant and spread jam on it. â€Å"The rest of us should start going through al the papers and things we took from Caleb's shed. Alaric, as you're the only one other than Mrs. Flowers and Bonnie who knows much about magic, you can take his notebooks and I'l – â€Å" She broke off as a scream came from overhead. â€Å"Meredith!† shouted Alaric. Later, Elena didn't real y remember getting upstairs. There was just a flash of shoving limbs and pandemonium as everyone tried to get up the narrow staircase as quickly as possible. At the door of the little cream-and-rose bedroom at the end of the hal , Meredith stood, white-faced and stricken. She turned large panicked gray eyes toward them and whispered, â€Å"Bonnie.† Inside, Bonnie's smal figure lay motionless facedown on the floor, one pajamaed arm flung out toward the door. Unlit black and white candles were in a ring behind her, one black candle knocked over. There was a smudge of what looked like mostly dried blood inside the candle ring, and a weathered book lay open beside it. Elena pushed past Meredith and knelt beside the stil figure, feeling at her neck for a pulse. She let out the breath she'd been holding as she felt Bonnie's heartbeat, steady and strong, beneath her fingers. â€Å"Bonnie,† she said, shaking her by the shoulder, then gently rol ing her over. Bonnie flopped without resistance onto her back. She was breathing regularly, but her eyes stayed closed, her long lashes dark against her freckled cheeks. â€Å"Somebody cal an ambulance,† Elena said quickly. â€Å"I'l do it,† Meredith said, breaking out of her frozen stance. â€Å"We don't need an ambulance,† Mrs. Flowers said quietly, gazing down at Bonnie with an expression of sorrow on her face. â€Å"What are you talking about?† Meredith snapped. â€Å"She's unconscious! We have to get her help.† Mrs. Flowers's eyes were grave. â€Å"The doctors and nurses at the hospital won't be able to help Bonnie,† she said. â€Å"They might even hurt her by interfering with ineffective medical solutions to a nonmedical problem. Bonnie's not sick; she's under a spel . I can feel the magic thick in the air. The best thing we can do is to make her as comfortable as we can here while we look for a cure.† Matt stepped forward into the room. His face was aghast, but he wasn't looking at Bonnie's motionless form on the floor. He raised one hand and pointed. â€Å"Look,† he said. Near the bed, a tray containing a smal teapot, a cup, and a plate had been knocked over onto the floor. The cup had smashed and the teapot lay on its side, tea leaves spil ing out in a long, dark curve across the floor. A curve that spel ed out a name.

The Poetry Of Edgar Allan Poe - 813 Words

Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most renowned poets to ever live. He has written many great and classic poems such as â€Å"The Raven†, â€Å"Annabel Lee†, and â€Å"A Dream Within a Dream†. Poe grew up with his foster parents and many people believe that this is what led him to write his poems, many people also say that his poems are often too dark. Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston. He had a brother and a sister and by the time Poe was three, they lost their mother to consumption and their father left them shortly after. His siblings were split up into different families and he was taken in by The Allans. He would later adopt Allan as his middle name. Though they never adopted Poe, they treated him as if they did. As Poe grew up, however,†¦show more content†¦He moved with Virginia and her mother to New York where he found another job and excelled greatly once again. He eventually got fired again and it was becoming a pattern that he couldn’t keep a job for more than two years. His wife, Virginia, who had been very supportive and important to him, died in 1847 due to consumption. Poe not only started to become overwhelmed with grief but continued to produced incredible work. Poe returned to Richmond in 1849 with his now-widowed childhood friend and they were to be married. Poe went back to get his mot her-in-law, Clemm. He stopped on the way in Baltimore and nobody knows exactly what happened but he was found near a saloon and died 4 days later in the hospital. It is not hard to see the connection between Poe’s life and his publications. Most of his poems were about people losing their love or just death in general. Between his time in the army, the loss of his mother, the loss of his wife, and the disapproval of his adoptive father, Poe had seen and experienced more death than usual in one’s lifetime. He lost the love of his life only thirteen years after marrying her and decided to remember her by writing these poems. Although it is obvious most of his poems are about the loss of Virginia, it is often thought that some of his poems were about the loss of his mother or even, the loss of the relationship with his adoptive father told through the loss of a lover. Poe’s publications were mostly wellShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s Poetry1327 Words   |  6 PagesThis research paper will focus on Edgar Allan Poe’s poetry. In Charles May’s bibliography of Poe, he states that â€Å"Poe gained great recognition in the early 1840’s for his creation of a genre that has grown in popularity ever since — the tale of ratiocination, or detective story, which features an amateur sleuth who by his superior deductive abilities outsmarts criminals and outclasses the police.† Along with creating the detective genre, he also created a more modern science fiction genre when heRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Poetry960 Words   |  4 PagesParanormal Poetry Edgar Allan Poe’s poems and short stories reflect his psychological tension during tumultuous and estranged experiences. Major literary themes, centered around great loss and the search for eternal happiness, climax with pristine eloquence in all of his greatest works. Many of Poe’s prevalent portrayals of settings and characters remain unique in popular writings as a result of his own bizarre intimacies. Personal trials and struggles translated into fluent prose throughRead MoreThe Poetry Of Edgar Allan Poe949 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Authors often do this when their grief is too much to bear and they don’t know how to verbally express how they feel, so they transform their sorrow into stories. Edgar Allan Poe, is an author greatly known for transforming his greatest despairs into beautiful and eerie works of literature. In his woeful poem, â€Å"Annabel Lee†, Poe expresses his broken heart after the death of a beautiful woman. What many reader s may not know, is that the poem was a dedication to Poe’s late wife and his inspirationRead MorePoetry In Poes The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe937 Words   |  4 Pagesword poetry we immediately think of romance and beauty. However, having read the poem â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allan Poe, we have concluded that even dark and gloomy poetry has its own meaning. While going through its stanzas, the magnificent style and rhythm of Poe’s writing made me feel like I also was in the room with the narrator. The poem itself is an incredible experience, filled with deep meanings and symbols that if you’re not aware of them you can totally misunderstand the plot. Poetry is anRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe- the Similarities Between Life and Poetry1380 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry is the manner one would express very complex feelings or emotions. Many poets who connect with their audiences are able to describe, in writing, the emotion of a certain situation. These poems become autobiographical in the sense that the poem is drawn from the poets own situation and observations. Often, in classical poetry, a poet is able to capture the emotion of the situation so that the reader can make a connection. One of the greatest exponents of this was Edgar Allan Poe. He was ableRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allan Poe And Eating Poetry847 Words   |  4 PagesW.H. Auden once said, â€Å"Poetry is the clear expression of mixed feelings.† When comparing â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"Eating Poetry† by Mark Strand their works incorporate horrid elements within their works, which creates apprehension in the reader. The writing styles of these authors provoke this apprehension. The similar characteristics of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"Eating Poetry†, including captivating introductions that present an eerie setting, use of theatrical imageryRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Poetry915 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allan Poe was one of the greatest writers of the 19th century. He is is well known for his gothic themes and disturbing characters. Unfortunately, Poe lived a life full of sorrow and pain, having nearly everyone he loved die. His poem Alone is said to have been a confessional poem, recalling how Poe felt growing up. Poe’s use of repetition, metaphors, and imagery all aid in bringing the reader closer to understanding what was going on in Poe’s mind. The poem Alone was not published untilRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Life1308 Words   |  6 PagesPoe was born on January 19, 1809. Poe was born into a family that was high respected and very public, so Poe was destined to have a public career (Dameron and Jacobs). When Poe was two, his parents died (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†) and his remaining family was split up into three different foster parents/homes. His oldest brother, William, lived with Poe’s grandfather from his father’s side of the family. Poe’s youngest sibling, Rosalie, lived with William Mackenzie. Poe went with John Allan whose wife wasRead More The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe What was the mystery of Edgar Allan Poe? Why was he so special? He was special because he helped change poetry by giving it different focuses. Through looking at Edgar Allan Poes life, we will understand what motivated him to write what he did, what the meaning was behind these works, and how this changed poetry. Before Edgar Allan Poe, the common belief was that poetry should be about Truth, and that it should impart some morals. Poe disagreed, and stronglyRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : The Tale Heart, The Fall Of The House Of Usher, And Annabel Lee Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is well known for his poetry. Edgar Allan Poe was not only a world renowned poet, but he is also known as being a writer of short stories, as well as known for being a critic. Edgar Allan Poe has many literary works; quite possibly the most famous one being The Raven. Some of Edgar Allan Poe’s other famous works include The Tell-Tale Heart, The Fall of the House of Usher, and Annabel Lee. Edgar Allan Poe is also known as being a Romanticist, due to the fact

Parenting Styles And Its Effects On Children Essay

There are four main parenting styles, these four include: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved/neglectful. The way in which parents ‘parent’ their children effect the children on how the child develops into an adult and it affects their cognitive development. Parents that are authoritative encourage and allow their children to be independent, but the parent also sets boundaries and limits. If a child needs to be disciplined or punished, the parent does so, but not in a harmful way. When a child has parents that are authoritative, it helps build the child’s security and confidence, causing for a higher self-esteem and better social skills. This parenting style is one of the most common as well. Authoritarian parenting means that the parents set too much of a structure and not a whole lot of communication. Doctor Riggio in â€Å"Psychology Today† stated that authoritarian refers to as the â€Å"spare the rod, spoil the child† rule. Due to the fact that the parent does not communicate a whole lot it causes the child to lack communication skills with others, which may also lead to low self-esteem. Children that grow up around authoritarian parents are more likely to become authoritarian themselves. Permissive parents are the parents that try to be more of a friend to their child than a parent, by this I mean that the parent gives more warmth and interaction that rules and structure. Dr. Gail Gross refers to this parenting as the â€Å"anything goes† style. By that IShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Parenting Styles on Children781 Words   |  4 Pageshow to raise children and how to be a â€Å"good parent.† Often, parents get advice on how to parent from their own parents, from their close friends, and even experts. There are three main types of parenting styles: authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting, and authoritative parenting. Authoritative parenting is a parenting style characterized by s trict rules, harsh punishments and little warmth. Permissive parenting is characterized by parents who are responsive to their children, but lack rulesRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effects On Children957 Words   |  4 PagesParenting Styles One of the challenges every parent faces is determining the best way to raise their child. Bob Keeshan states that parents are the ultimate role models for children. Every word, movement and action has an effect. No other person or outside force has a greater influence on a child than the parent. Parents use various techniques to raise their kids. How a child is raised or developed depends on the structures that the parents used. A parent is not intrinsically bad or good; he or sheRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effect On Children Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagessituation or opinion based on how we were raised, or how we raise-or plan on raising-our own children. With this said it is undeniable that parenting styles and their effectiveness vary. In research, parenting styles have been split into four categories the authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and the uninvolved. Within these categories, researches have attempted to map the effectiveness of parenting styles and the pos itive and negative outcomes of each. Despite the eclectic and commonly erraticRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Effects On Children1572 Words   |  7 PagesParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children Parents play a key role in their children’s lives, including supervision, involvement, love, support, comfort, and a wide variety of discipline and punishment. The relationship between parenting styles and child is vital and impacts the child’s physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Parenting involves two dimensions, demandingness and responsiveness sometimes referred to as control and warmth. With the use of these dimensions four parenting stylesRead MoreParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children1545 Words   |  7 Pageshave found patterns in parenting styles and their effects on children. Parenting isn’t only a collection of skills, rules, and tricks of the trade (Lloyd, Carol. 2012)†, it defines who you become, reflects your culture and represents values important in a family. Parenting style has a long term impact on a child’s development, success and outlook on life. The three styles of parenting are permissive parenting/hands-off p arenting , authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting .Studies revealed thatRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Effects On Children2090 Words   |  9 PagesParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children We must all realize the impact we have on the world around us, whether it be an immediate effect or an action that releases a chain of events that is unforeseeable. Taking responsibility for the activities we partake in during everyday life is crucial for progressing in the future. This concept becomes much more actualized when we are raising our children. Children are undoubtedly the future of today. How we raise them will immediately impact what kindRead MoreOverview of Parenting Styles and Their Effects on Children1463 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Webster’s dictionary, the definition of parenting is of â€Å"the process of raising and educating a child from birth to adulthood.† Have you ever pondered on how different you would be if your parents would have raised you differently? Everyone was raised differently, therefore we all will be different types of parents. We may cherish the way our parents raised and disciplined us, so we’ll utilize those techn iques when we become parents. On the other side, we may despise the way our parentsRead Moreeffect of parenting style on the academic development of children6694 Words   |  27 Pagesview on parenting as the skill or activity of looking after your own children. Davies (2000) opined that parenting (or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional social and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. Parenting style is a psychological contrast representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing (stantrock, 2007). There are many differing theories and opinions on the best ways to rear children, as wellRead MoreThe Effects Of Parenting Styles On The Psychological Development Of Children And Adolescents999 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent parenting styles on the psychological development of children and adolescents. Today, there are four vital parenting styles in psychology: authoritative, neglectful, indulgent and authoritarian. Each style possesses its own different characteristics and each produce different psychological developments in children and adolescents. In order to understand the effects of parenting styles on a person’s psychological development, it is obligatory we consider how a particular parenting style affectsRead MoreDiana Baumrind s Effect Of Parenting Styles On Children Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesDiana Baumrind’s effect of parenting styles on children Baumrind was born into a Jewish community in the New York’s Jewish enclaves. She was the first two daughters of Hyman and Mollie Blumberg. Diana, the eldest in an extended family of female cousins, inherited the role of eldest son, which allowed her to participate in serious conversations about philosophy, ethics, literature, and politics. She completed her B.A. in Psychology and Philosophy at Hunter College in 1948, and her M.A. and Ph.D. in

Company Profile Of Starbucks Company - 1805 Words

The business I have chosen is one company that has been particularly successful in creating an overall company image in my option has been Starbucks. They have been able to maintain a dominant position in today’s market. Each morning most of our society needs a good cup of coffee in order to start their day Starbucks has marketed themselves to be steps away from your location. At one point, we looked at Starbucks as a high-end marketer. They have been able to uphold an image of an elite club in which we can become members. However, things managed to change in the recent years where a 4.00 cup of coffee was becoming a luxury item. Starbucks Corporation right now operates on a worldwide market for specialty of coffees. They are currently operating in a worldwide captaincy extent to Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; China/Asia Pacific; and Channel Development. Starbucks currently offers their customers a variety of coffee, several verities of teas, packaged roast ed whole bean or ground coffees, single serve products, and juices and bottled water. Each store provides a menu of fresh food, several ready-to-drink beverages; along with verities of food products. The market structure and competitive environment of the industry in which they have chosen to do business falls into the category of retail coffee and snack industry. One article brings back the memory to think back when we would reach for a can of Folgers or Maxwell House and assume we were drinking theShow MoreRelatedStarbucks Corporation : Company Profile1848 Words   |  8 Pages Starbucks Corporation 1 Starbucks Corporation is probably the w orld’s most well - known coffee shop chain. It is officially the world’s largest coffee chain, with a total of 21878 stores operating globally as of 28 December, 2014. 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The first stand alone Starbucks coffeehouse was opened in Seattle, Washington by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker in 1971. In 1985 Starbucks Corporation was founded and, in 1987, the original founders would sell the company to current CEO Howard Schultz for $7 million (â€Å"Starbucks Corporation†). Having 22,519 retail stores in 67 countries worldwide, Starbucks has grown into the largest coffeehouseRead MoreGeneral Information / History : Starbucks1062 Words   |  5 PagesInformation/History Starbucks Corporation is a specialty coffee retailer, roaster and marketer internationally. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker established the first stand-alone Starbucks coffeehouse was opened in Seattle, Washington in 1971. In 1987, the original founders sold the company to the present CEO Howard Schultz for $7 million (â€Å"Starbucks Corporation†). Currently having 22,519 retail stores worldwide, Starbucks has developed into the largest coffeehouse company globally (â€Å"Starbucks CompanyRead MoreStarbucks : Ethical And Ethical Issues Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Starbucks is renowned for its morality due to their innovative sustainability and environmental policies and operations. They strive to go beyond mandated regulations by implementing ethics as part of their core practices. However, no matter how flawless their code of ethics is; they, too, face ethical issues and commit unethical acts. First, they are responsible for putting small, local coffee shops out of business which creates a uniform retail culture throughout cities. Second, they advertiseRead MoreMarketing Analysis : U.s. Capita Coffee Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesUnit III Research Project (Starbucks) Angelo R. Jones BBA 3201-Priciples of Marketing Columbia Southern University Industry Analysis. 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Overview on Global Airline Alliances-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Global airline alliances. Answer: Introduction This report presents briefly overview on global airline alliances. The airline alliance is an agreement between two or more aviations to provide cooperation and coordination. It explains the benefits, advantages and disadvantages of airline alliances. It tells that how global alliances are operating business in todays world. The first airline alliance was formed in 1930 for providing benefits to aviation industries and the first largest airline alliance started in 1989. The main global alliances are star alliance, sky team, one world, wing alliance, and vanilla and U-fly alliance. On the other side, airline alliances are improving flyer programs and it provides high safety and services to passengers (Hanlon, 2007). The report analyzes that how airline alliances provide code sharing arrangements among the countries. The main object of this report is to provide an outline about the international airline alliances. Global airline alliances The air transport is an important industry in the world which provides around 1 percent of national GDP. The airline alliance is an aviation industry arrangement between two or more aviations for providing co operations and co-ordinations. In such way it can be said that it is an agreement between two or more airline industries to obtain the marketing benefits. There are two airline transport market in the world they are such as the European Union and United States. In 1930, when Panair do Brasil and its parent company Pan American world airways agreed to exchange routes to Latin America then first airline alliance was founded. The new competitors have been entered in the market as a result of competition, the services of air transport has liberalized (Dwyer, 2007). Now days global airline alliances are making strategy to develop airline networks and increase revenue of airline industries. On the other side aviation industries face many barriers and difficulties while rendering servi ces to their customers. It provides help to economic growth of the U.S low cost carriers. The benefits of global airline alliances are discussed as below. It provides wider network through codeshare agreement among the various aviation industries. It reduces cost by sharing of sales offices, operational staff, maintenance and operational facilities. It provides more destinations and airport lounges to travelers during travelling. It provides coordination among different departments and provides well coordinated IT system. The global alliances provide opportunities for operating more markets in different countries and it also eliminating the duplication of operations (Burghouwt, 2007). (Source: Nikkei Asian, 2017) The main global airline alliances are discussed as below. Star Alliance The star alliance is one of the largest airline alliances in the world and it was founded in 1997. It consists of 28 members and it focuses on the marketing strategy. Lufthansa, SAS, Thai international and united airlines are the members of the group. The star alliance includes 14 airlines and another three airlines added in 2007. It analyzes that currently almost 60 million people participates in these programs which include 729 airports in 124 countries in the world (Cento, 2008). Advantages of star alliance are discussed as below: It is the biggest airline alliance and it provides strong African network by South African airways and Egypt air. It provides convenience to Asian travelers in America and Europe and it covers all the continents in the world. Disadvantages of star alliance are discussed as below. It is very complex and difficult to manage by all the members. (Source: Milenomics, 2017) One world alliance It is the second largest alliance in the world. The oneworld alliance incudes eight airlines they are such as American airlines, Cathay pacific, finnair, Iberia, British airways, Air lingus, Lanchile and Qantas. There are almost 278,850 employees working in around 130 countries. The oneworld is managed by the New York City and it provides 340 lounges in the world. The oneworld was the first universal airline alliance which introduced inter-line ticketing between the members of airlines (Dicken, 2007). In such way travelers can enjoy the smooth transfers and it provides flexibility to the entire network. It provides strong network in Middle East by British airways and royal Jordanian airlines. Sky team alliance Sky team is the universal and multilateral alliance among six airlines and it is one of the best alliances among three universal airline alliances. It was created between Delta airlines and Air France in 1999. The other members of the sky team alliance are KLM, Aeroflot, Aeromexico and Korean air. It has only 11% of the world planned airline market. The sky team has declared the formation of a new centralized organization for the coalition. The governance framework of sky team is similar to as a one world and star alliance (Cento, 2008). The features of sky team alliance are discussed as below: It has the large number of airline members in North America among three global airlines alliances. The members of sky team alliance provide lot of miles services frequently. It earned the revenue passengers kilometers in Europe and North America. In such way sky team alliance plays significant role in aviation industries and it provides benefits to these industries. But it also faces some challenges like it has only two members from Asia and there is no member from Middle East and Oceania, in such way it provides very weak route in these areas. (Source: Saudia, 2017) Wings alliance It is the oldest integrated alliance which comprises of KLM, continental and northwest. The scope of wings alliance is very weak and it is not much wide in range. It is very flexible and less expensive. The wings alliance course provides effective preparation for online assessment and interviews (Smith, 2008). Vanilla alliance It is an airline alliance which was launched in September 2015 to improve air connectivity in Indian Ocean. The main object of this airline alliance is to increase airline services among countries and attract more tourists. The founding members of Vanilla alliance are Air Austral, Air Mauritius and Air Seychelles (Iatrou Oretti, 2016). U-Fly alliance U fly alliance is the world largest alliance of low cost carriers and it was launched in January 2016. The founding members of U fly alliance are HK express, Seouls Easter jet, Yunnans lucky air, Urumqi air and Chongqings west air. The members of U-fly alliance provide good quality of services, safety and destinations to employees. The U fly alliance gives opportunities to guests for enhancing lower cost travel experience. The alliance provides support to smaller airlines for increasing growth in different provinces. This alliance serves 20 million passengers annually over 200 cities in North Asia (Hull, 2010). Value alliance It is an airline alliance which was formed in May 2016 and it is the second largest alliance consists of low cost carriers (LCCs). It encompasses seven Asia pacific airlines such as Jeju air, scoot, Nok air, Cebu pacific, Nokscoot, vanilla air and Tigerair Australia who merged with scoot. It is the fourth biggest alliance in terms of destinations, flight, passengers, combined fleet and members. The value alliance was established by eight airlines in the Asia pacific and it allows passengers to book flights with all the eight carriers. It serves more than 160 destinations in the Asia pacific region (Oum Yu, 2012). Major advantages and disadvantages of airline alliances The advantages of airline alliances for airlines are discussed as below. It increases in revenues and reduces in cost through the various innovation and standardization of products. It provides entire networks to airline industries and it also increases the presence of markets. When airline alliances are work together then they can easily achieve the objectives and they can take advantages in competitive market (Burghouwt, 2007). The advantages of airline alliances for customers are followings: It provides different kinds of services to customers in such way it helps to provide satisfaction to customers. It provides broad network to passengers, in this way they have good choice of services in any destination. The code sharing arrangements between airlines provides excellent connections to passengers. Some other advantages of airline alliances are discussed as below. Increase connectivity for flyers: The airline alliances increase connectivity of flyers from many ways. Now it increases flights for many routes and it connects all the cities and towns. Safety and regulations: The airline alliances ensure to flyers and regulatory authorities for providing safety and security. In such way it can be said that airline alliances follow the safety rules and regulations (Zamir, Sahar Zafar, 2014). The disadvantages of airline alliances are discussed as below. 1) Unfulfilled promises on airfares: The airline alliances promise to have favorable impact on airfares but in really it does not happen. So it is the biggest disadvantages of airline alliances in aviation industries. 2) Compromise in services: It is one of the biggest cons of airline alliances is compromise in services. The airline alliances do not focus on the luxury elements of flying and they do not provide proper services to passengers. 3) Unhealthy competition: It increases competition in the market so passengers face many problems and difficulties during travelling. 4) Sharing of knowledge, skills and capabilities: The airline alliances refer to the agreement between two or more aviation for providing support to aviation industries. But it affects the business of aviation industries by negative way. The airline alliances share their knowledge, resources, skills and capabilities with other aviation. In such way sometimes it becomes very challenging when the other alliances come to know the business secrets and they start to misuse these secrets (Belobaba, Odoni Barnhart, 2015). The other challenges are such as lack of commitment, poor communication, lack of trust and lack of goals and objectives which can also affect the business of airline alliances negatively. Conclusion The entire report is based on the global airline alliances and it provides briefly overview on the importance of these airline alliances. It analyzes the global airline alliances which are operating in now days. It explains that how aviation industries are affected by the international airline alliances. The alliances provide support to airline industries to create a strong position in the market (Tribe, 2015).The report explains the different kinds of airline alliances and their advantages and disadvantages. Now it is concluded that airline alliances play significant role in the development of aviation industries. So it is assumed that airline industries should encourage and promote the airline alliance for providing excellent services to passengers. The alliances provide code sharing facility and broad network to passengers. The star alliance is the biggest alliance in the world and it provides strong African network. The aviation industries should conducts programs and conferences to increase the scope of airline alliances. References Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., Barnhart, C. (Eds.). (2015).The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Burghouwt, G. (2007).Airline network development in Europe and its implications for airport planning. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Burghouwt, G. (2007).Airline network development in Europe and its implications for airport planning. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Cento, A. (2008).The airline industry: challenges in the 21st century. Springer Science Business Media. Cento, A. (2008).The airline industry: challenges in the 21st century. Springer Science Business Media. Dicken, P. (2007).Global shift: Mapping the changing contours of the world economy. SAGE Publications Ltd. Dwyer, L. (2007).International handbook on the economics of tourism. Edward Elgar Publishing. Hanlon, J.P. (2007).Global airlines: competition in a transnational industry. Routledge. Hull, D. L. (2010).Science as a process: an evolutionary account of the social and conceptual development of science. University of Chicago Press. Iatrou, K., Oretti, M. (2016).Airline choices for the future: from alliances to mergers. Routledge. Oum, T. H., Yu, C. (2012).Winning airlines: Productivity and cost competitiveness of the worlds major airlines. Springer Science Business Media. Smith, A. (2008).Native Americans and the Christian right: the gendered politics of unlikely alliances. Duke University Press. Tribe, J. (2015).The economics of recreation, leisure and tourism. Routledge. Zamir, Z., Sahar, A., Zafar, F. (2014). Strategic alliances; A comparative analysis of successful alliances in large and medium scale enterprises around the world.Educational Research International,3(1), 25-39.

Rock island chocolate free essay sample

This case study is commissioned to resolve an social media issue which went against their own company Rock island chocolate. I am here to come up with a strategy and help my company to get out of the social media issue as the director of an company and try to convert the bad remarks of social media to good remarks. In this growing world and technology, social media has become one of the strong source of communication. Social media has a good contact with the audience which matters the most for any organization in the world. This fact cant be neglected, so as the Companys Director I would like to review the blog in detail and find some good solution in short period of time. As we know especially from past five years the social network has grown immensely. social network sites such as face book , twitter are live examples for this growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Rock island chocolate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would like to follow step wise strategy in which I would complete one work and then go for another one. At first I would like to create a face book page with a brand new logo and good innovative thought and then I would suggest all the employees to join in it and make it a popular group among their known community of people. If we can spend money wisely and do good marketing for it this strategy will surely work out as we know the power of social networking sites and after this strategy I would like to involve all the staff members to actively participate in a discussion over the blog as an unknown user and comment on it positively. We know that blogs can some time create a big issue and sometimes it can just die out if there is no truth or support in it. The people do get carried away with the comments and if they feel most of the comments are positive then automatically the blog just fades away. I have an example suppose you want to buy a product from Amazon, there are two main things the consumer would like to check one is the cost and the another thing is the customers review if they feel both of these are reasonable then they will surely buy the product. In the same way if the blog has more positive comments than the negative ones it wont trouble for more time as it will die out. In this way the blog problem will be resolved and the company will get a positive response over a certain period of time.